The 1982 horror film “Poltergeist,” directed by Tobe Hooper and produced by Steven Spielberg, is celebrated as a classic of the genre. Renowned for its chilling storyline and groundbreaking special effects, “Poltergeist” has left an indelible mark on popular culture. However, beneath the surface of its cinematic success lies a haunting urban legend that has intrigued and disturbed audiences for decades: the use of real human skeletons during the filming. This article delves deep into the making of “Poltergeist,” explores the veracity of the claims about real skeletons, and examines the cultural and ethical implications of this macabre choice.
The Genesis of “Poltergeist”
“Poltergeist” tells the story of the Freeling family, whose suburban home becomes the epicenter of supernatural disturbances. The film’s screenplay was co-written by Steven Spielberg, Michael Grais, and Mark Victor. Spielberg’s influence is evident in the film’s narrative structure and emotional depth, while Tobe Hooper’s direction imbues it with a visceral horror that lingers long after the credits roll.
Released on June 4, 1982, “Poltergeist” was both a critical and commercial success. Its innovative special effects, particularly the scenes involving the malevolent spirits, set a new standard for the horror genre. Yet, it is the behind-the-scenes stories, especially those concerning the alleged use of real skeletons, that have cemented its place in horror folklore.
The Skeleton Controversy: Fact or Fiction?
The controversy centers around a pivotal scene in “Poltergeist” where JoBeth Williams’ character, Diane Freeling, falls into a swimming pool filled with skeletons during a supernatural storm. According to various accounts, the production team used real human skeletons instead of plastic or rubber replicas. These claims were substantiated years later by special effects artist Craig Reardon, who worked on the film.
Reardon explained that the decision to use real skeletons was primarily a budgetary one. At the time, real skeletons were cheaper to procure than realistic-looking plastic ones. This revelation has since become a focal point of discussion among fans and scholars, raising questions about the ethical implications and the potential psychological impact on the cast and crew.
The Ethical Dilemma
The use of real human remains in filmmaking is a deeply controversial practice, fraught with ethical considerations. In the case of “Poltergeist,” the decision to use real skeletons for practical and financial reasons reflects a broader issue within the entertainment industry: the balance between artistic authenticity and moral responsibility.
Human skeletons used in films typically come from medical supply companies that source them from unclaimed bodies or individuals who have donated their remains to science. While this practice is legal, it raises ethical questions about consent and respect for the deceased. The idea that human remains could be repurposed for entertainment can be unsettling, highlighting the need for a more rigorous ethical framework in film production.
The Impact on the Cast and Crew
The psychological impact of using real skeletons on the set of “Poltergeist” cannot be overlooked. JoBeth Williams, in particular, has spoken about her discomfort during the filming of the swimming pool scene. The knowledge that she was surrounded by real human remains added an eerie and unsettling dimension to an already intense scene.
Furthermore, the alleged “Poltergeist curse” has fueled speculation about the potential consequences of such a macabre decision. Several cast members, including Heather O’Rourke and Dominique Dunne, met tragic ends, leading some to believe that the use of real skeletons contributed to a supernatural curse on the film. While these claims are largely speculative, they underscore the profound impact that the skeleton controversy has had on the legacy of “Poltergeist.”
The Legacy of “Poltergeist” and the Skeleton Controversy
Despite the controversy, “Poltergeist” remains a landmark film in the horror genre. Its influence can be seen in subsequent supernatural horror films, and its themes of suburban angst and family unity resonate with audiences to this day. The film’s legacy, however, is inextricably linked to the skeleton controversy, which continues to spark debate among horror enthusiasts and film scholars.
The use of real skeletons in “Poltergeist” has also had a lasting impact on the industry, prompting filmmakers to reconsider the ethical implications of their production choices. In the years following the release of “Poltergeist,” there has been a greater emphasis on transparency and ethical considerations in the use of human remains and other sensitive materials in film.
Technological Advances and Ethical Alternatives
The advancements in special effects technology since the 1980s have significantly changed the landscape of filmmaking. Today, filmmakers have access to a wide range of tools that can create realistic effects without the need for real human remains. Computer-generated imagery (CGI), advanced prosthetics, and high-quality replicas offer ethical alternatives that were not available during the making of “Poltergeist.”
These technological advances not only enhance the visual authenticity of films but also address the ethical concerns associated with using real human remains. Filmmakers can now achieve the desired level of realism without compromising moral standards, ensuring that the dignity of the deceased is respected.
Cultural and Historical Context
The use of human remains in artistic practices is not a new phenomenon. Throughout history, human bones and skulls have been used in religious rituals, art, and even architecture. The catacombs of Paris, for example, house the remains of millions of people, arranged in intricate patterns that create a macabre yet fascinating spectacle.
In the context of filmmaking, however, the use of human remains takes on a different dimension. Films are a form of mass entertainment, reaching a wide audience and shaping cultural perceptions. The decision to use real skeletons in “Poltergeist” can be seen as a reflection of the horror genre’s fascination with death and the macabre, but it also raises important questions about the responsibilities of filmmakers in portraying such themes.
Reflections on the “Poltergeist” Skeleton Controversy
The “Poltergeist” skeleton controversy serves as a poignant reminder of the ethical challenges that can arise in the pursuit of artistic authenticity. While the decision to use real skeletons may have been driven by practical considerations, it ultimately highlights the need for a more conscientious approach to filmmaking.
As we reflect on the legacy of “Poltergeist,” it is essential to consider the broader implications of the skeleton controversy. It invites us to question the ethical boundaries of art and entertainment and to advocate for practices that honor the dignity and respect of all individuals, living or deceased.
Conclusion
The 1982 film “Poltergeist” is a testament to the enduring power of horror cinema. Its compelling narrative, groundbreaking special effects, and the haunting legacy of its production continue to captivate audiences. The revelation that real skeletons were used in the film adds a layer of complexity to its history, prompting important ethical discussions about the use of human remains in art and entertainment.
As technology advances and the film industry evolves, it is crucial to remember the lessons of “Poltergeist.” The pursuit of artistic authenticity should never come at the expense of ethical integrity. By embracing innovative techniques and fostering a culture of respect and responsibility, filmmakers can continue to push the boundaries of their craft while honoring the dignity of all individuals.
Ultimately, the “Poltergeist” skeleton controversy serves as a reminder of the profound impact that ethical considerations can have on the legacy of a film. It challenges us to think critically about the choices we make in the pursuit of art and to strive for a balance between creativity and compassion.
